长白山阔叶红松林不同深度土壤水分特征曲线

采用露点水势仪对长白山阔叶红松林不同深度（0～10 cm的壤土、20～30 cm的白浆土、50～60 cm的黄土）土壤水分特征曲线进行分析.结果表明：不同土层土壤水分特征曲线整体趋势均表现为快速下降-缓慢下降-基本平稳;用Gardner等提出的幂函数方程可较好地反映该区土壤含水量与土壤水势之间的数量关系,拟合方程的相关系数在0.9239～0.9400;不同土层土壤的持水能力大小依次为黄土>壤土>白浆土,土壤含水量随土壤水势降低而减小的速度依次为壤土>白浆土>黄土.不同土层脱湿过程的土壤水分特征曲线位于吸湿过程之下,说明土壤水分存在滞后现象,且滞后时效依次为壤土>黄土>白浆土.     

不同冬季覆盖作物对稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响

采用静态箱-气相色谱法对不同冬季覆盖作物处理［免耕直播黑麦草-双季稻(T₁)、免耕直播紫云英 双季稻(T₂)、翻耕移栽油菜-双季稻(T₃)、免耕直播油菜-双季稻(T₄)和冬闲-双季稻(CK)］下稻田甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放进行观测,分析了不同冬季覆盖作物对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响.结果表明：在冬季作物生长期,不同冬季覆盖作物稻田CH₄和N₂O总排放量与对照（CK）的差异均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;T₃和T₁处理的稻田CH₄和N₂O排放量最高,其CH₄排放量分别为0.88 和0.60g·m^-2,N₂O排放量分别为0.23 和0.20 g·m^-2;冬季作物还田后,各处理早、晚稻田CH4排放量均明显高于对照.早稻田CH₄排放量最高的为T₁和T₂处理,分别达21.70和20.75 g·m^-2;晚稻田CH₄排放量最高的为T₃和T₄处理,分别为58.90和54.51 g·m^-2.各处理早、晚稻田N₂O总排放量均显著高于对照,T₁、T₂、T₃和T₄处理的早稻田N₂O总排放量分别比对照增加53.7%、12.2%、46.3%和29.3%,晚稻田分别比对照增加28.6%、3.8%、34.3%和27.6%.     

施用城市污泥对小叶黄杨光合特性和生长的影响

城市污泥作为有机肥料施用于园林植物已备受关注.本研究利用温室盆栽试验,分别设置不同用量城市污泥［低量（LC）、中量（MC）和高量（HC）］处理和无机肥（IF）处理,并以不施肥料和污泥为对照（CK）,研究不同用量城市污泥对小叶黄杨幼苗光合特性和生长的影响.结果表明：施用城市污泥可以提高小叶黄杨幼苗叶片叶绿素和氮素含量,但随污泥施用量的增加,叶片净光合速率（P_n）呈下降趋势.在生长季的8月,与IF处理和CK相比,LC、MC处理的叶片P_n均提高,而HC处理却较IF和CK分别降低了25.9%和8.9%;至10月,LC、MC和HC处理的叶片P_n均低于IF处理,但LC处理的P_n仍高于CK,而MC、HC处理的P_n均低于CK,其中HC处理的P_n较IF处理和CK分别降低了48.4%和29.2%.IF处理小叶黄杨植株的株高、地径和根长最大,LC处理次之,且地上生物量最大;MC处理除了株高和地上生物量高于CK外,根长和地径均低于CK;而HC处理则严重抑制了根系的生长.小叶黄杨幼苗的城市污泥施用量应限制在30 t·hm^-2以内.     

Ultrastructural Study of Secondary Wall Formation in the Stem Fiber of Phyllostachys pubescens

Ultrastructural changes in secondary wall formation of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel fiber were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Fiber developed initially with the elongation of cells containing ribosomes, mitochondria and Golgi bodies in the dense cytoplasm. During the wall thickening, the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies increased apparently. There were two kinds of Golgi vesicles, together with the ones from endoplasmic reticulum formed transport vesicles. Many microtubules were arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell adjacent to the plasmalemma. Along with the further development of fiber, polylamellate structure of the secondary wall appeared, with concurrent agglutination of chromatin in the nucleus, swelling and disintegration of organelles, while cortical microtubules were still arranged neatly against the inner side of plasmalemma. Lomasomes could be observed between the wall and plasmalemma. The results indicated that the organelles, such as Golgi bodies together with small vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lomasomes, played the key role in the thickening and lignification of the secondary wall of bamboo fiber, though cortical microtubules were correlative with the process as well.